There is another interesting review in this issue. Synonymous sites are generally considered to be functionally neutral. However, a number of contradictory findings have been reported recently. For example, some synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have a similar effect size in disease association as nonsynonymous SNPs. Dr. Sun Shim Choi’s group (Kangwon National University, Korea) reviewed this story. They introduced evidence that highly expressed genes tend to have a greater preference toward so-called optimal codons than lowly expressed genes. There are seven original articles regarding diverse genomics and bioinformatics research and one application note in this issue.

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